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Cooperative Linux - Wikipedia. Cooperative Linux, abbreviated as co. Linux, is software which allows Microsoft Windows and the Linux kernel to run simultaneously in parallel on the same machine.[3]Cooperative Linux utilizes the concept of a Cooperative Virtual Machine (CVM). In contrast to traditional virtual machines, the CVM shares resources that already exist in the host OS. In traditional VM hosts, resources are virtualized for every (guest) OS. The CVM gives both OSs complete control of the host machine while the traditional VM sets every guest OS in an unprivileged state to access the real machine.
Overview[edit]The term "cooperative" is used to describe two entities working in parallel. In effect Cooperative Linux turns the two different operating system kernels into two big coroutines.
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Each kernel has its own complete CPU context and address space, and each kernel decides when to give control back to its partner. However, while both kernels theoretically have full access to the real hardware, modern PC hardware is not designed to be controlled by two different operating systems at the same time.
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Therefore, the host kernel is left in control of the real hardware and the guest kernel contains special drivers that communicate with the host and provide various important devices to the guest OS. The host can be any OS kernel that exports basic primitives that allow the Cooperative Linux portable driver to run in CPL0 mode (ring 0) and allocate memory.[4]History[edit]Dan Aloni originally started the development of Cooperative Linux based on similar work with User- mode Linux.
He announced the development on 2. Jan 2. 00. 4.[5] In July 2. Linux Symposium.[6] The source was released under the GNU General Public License. Other developers have since contributed various patches and additions to the software. Comparisons[edit]Cooperative Linux is significantly different from full x. OS in a less privileged mode than that of the host kernel, and having all resources delegated by the host kernel. In contrast, Cooperative Linux runs a specially modified Linux kernel that is Cooperative in that it takes responsibility for sharing resources with the NT kernel and not instigating race conditions.
Distribution[edit]Most of the changes in the Cooperative Linux patch are on the i. Cooperative at the time of this writing. The other changes are mostly additions of virtual drivers: cobd (block device), conet (network), and cocon (console). Most of the changes in the i. It is a goal of the Cooperative Linux kernel design to remain as close as possible to the standalone i. The co. Linux package installs a port of the Linux kernel and a virtual network device and can run simultaneously under a version of the Windows operating system such as Windows 2. Windows XP. It does not use a virtual machine such as VMware.
Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora and Gentoo are especially popular with the co. Linux users. Due to the rather unusual structure of the virtual hardware, installing Linux distributions under co. Linux is generally difficult. Therefore, users in most cases use either an existing Linux installation on a real partition or a ready made filesystem image distributed by the project. The filesystem images are made by a variety of methods, including taking images of a normal Linux system, finding ways to make installers run with the strange hardware, building up installs by hand using the package manager or simply upgrading existing images using tools like yum and apt. An easier way to get an up- to- date filesystem image is to use QEMU to install Linux and "convert" the image by stripping off the first 6. Linux wiki. Since co.
Linux does not have access to native graphics hardware, X Window or X Servers will not run under co. Linux directly, but one can install[7] an X Server under Windows, such as Cygwin/X or Xming and use KDE or GNOME and almost any other Linux application and distribution. All of these issues are fixed by using co. Linux based distributions such as and.
Linux, based on Ubuntu, or Topologi. Linux, based on Slackware. Emulated hardware[edit]Limitations[edit]Does not yet support 6. Windows or Linux (nor utilize more than 4.
GB memory), but a port is under development[8] by the community. No multi- processor (SMP) support.
Linux applications and the underlying kernel are able to use only one CPU.[9]See also[edit]References[edit]External links[edit].
Slackware - Wikipedia. This article is about the Linux distribution. It is not to be confused with Slack (software). Slackware is a Linux distribution created by Patrick Volkerding in 1.
Originally based on Softlanding Linux System, Slackware has been the basis for many other Linux distributions, most notably the first versions of SUSE Linux distributions,[3][4] and is the oldest distribution that is still maintained.[5]Slackware aims for design stability and simplicity and to be the most "Unix- like" Linux distribution.[6] It makes as few modifications as possible to software packages from upstream and tries not to anticipate use cases or preclude user decisions. In contrast to most modern Linux distributions, Slackware provides no graphical installation procedure and no automatic dependency resolution of software packages. It uses plain text files and only a small set of shell scripts for configuration and administration. Without further modification it boots into a command- line interface environment. Because of its many conservative and simplistic features, Slackware is often considered to be most suitable for advanced and technically inclined Linux users.[7][8][9][1. Slackware is available for the IA- 3.
ARM architecture. While Slackware is mostly[1. Volkerding. There is no formal membership procedure for developers and Volkerding is the primary contributor to releases. The name "Slackware" stems from the fact that the distribution started as a private side project with no intended commitment.
To prevent it from being taken too seriously at first, Volkerding gave it a humorous name, which stuck even after Slackware became a serious project.[1. Slackware refers to the "pursuit of Slack", a tenet of the Church of the Subgenius. Certain aspects of Slackware graphics reflect this[1.
Tux is smoking, as influenced by the image of J. R. "Bob" Dobbs' head. A humorous reference to the Church of the Subgenius can be found in many versions of the install.
In recent versions, including Slackware release 1. ROT1. 3 obfuscated.[1. History[edit]Slackware was originally derived from the Softlanding Linux System (SLS), the most popular of the original Linux distributions and the first to offer a comprehensive software collection that comprised more than just the kernel and basic utilities,[1. X1. 1 graphical interface, TCP/IP and UUCP networking and GNU Emacs.[1.
Patrick Volkerding started with SLS after needing a LISP interpreter for a school project at the then named Moorhead State University (MSU). He found CLISP was available for Linux and downloaded SLS to run it. A few weeks later, Volkerding was asked by his artificial intelligence professor at MSU to show him how to install Linux at home and on some of the computers at school. Volkerding had made notes describing fixes to issues he found after installing SLS and he and his professor went through and applied those changes to a new installation. However, this took almost as long as it took to just install SLS, so the professor asked if the install disks could be adjusted so the fixes could be applied during installation. This was the start of Slackware. Volkerding continued making improvements to SLS: fixing bugs, upgrading software, automatic installation of shared libraries and the kernel image, fixing file permissions, and more.
In a short time, Volkerding had upgraded around half the packages beyond what SLS had available. Volkerding had no intentions to provide his modified SLS version for the public.
His friends at MSU urged him to put his SLS modifications onto an FTP server, but Volkerding assumed that "SLS would be putting out a new version that included these things soon enough", so he held off for a few weeks. During that time, many SLS users on the internet were asking SLS for a new release, so eventually Volkerding made a post titled "Anyone want an SLS- like 0. A system?", to which he received many positive responses. After a discussion with the local sysadmin at MSU, Volkerding obtained permission to upload Slackware to the university's FTP server.[1. This first Slackware release, version 1. July 1. 99. 3 at 0. UTC),[1] and was supplied as 2.
After the announcement was made, Volkerding watched as the flood of FTP connections continually crashed the server. Soon afterwards, Walnut Creek CDROM offered additional archive space on their FTP servers. Development[edit]The size of Slackware quickly increased with the addition of included software, and by version 2. October 1. 99. 4, it had more than tripled to comprise 7.
M floppy disk images.[2. In 1. 99. 9, Slackware saw its version jump from 4 to 7. Slackware version numbers were lagging behind other distributions, and this led many users to believe it was out of date even though the bundled software versions were similar. Volkerding made the decision to bump the version as a marketing effort to show that Slackware was as up- to- date as other Linux distributions, many of which had release numbers of 6 at the time. He chose 7 estimating that most other distributions would soon be at this release number.[2.
In April 2. 00. 4, Patrick Volkerding added X. Org Server packages into the testing/ directory of - current as a replacement for the XFree. X Window System in Slackware should be. A month later, he switched from XFree. X. Org Server after stating that the opinions were more than 4 to 1 in favor of using the X. X. He stated the decision was primarily a technical one, as XFree.
Slackware 1. 0. 0 was the first release with X. Org Server.[2. 3]In March 2. Patrick Volkerding announced the removal of the GNOME desktop environment in the development Change. Log. He stated this had been in consideration for more than 4 years and that there were already projects that provided a more complete version of GNOME for Slackware than what Slackware provided itself. Volkerding stated future GNOME support would rely on the community.[2. The community responded and as of October 2. GNOME projects for Slackware.
These include: Cinnamon, Dlackware, Dropline GNOME, MATE, and Slack. MATE. The removal was deemed significant by some in the Linux community due to the prevalence of GNOME in many distributions.[2. In May 2. 00. 9, Patrick Volkerding announced the public (development) release of an official x. Slackware. 64, maintained in parallel with the IA- 3.
Slackware. 64 is a pure 6. Eric Hameleers, one of the core Slackware team members, maintains a multilib repository that contains the necessary packages to convert Slackware.
Hameleers started the 6. September 2. 00. 8. Volkerding tested the port in December 2.
To minimize the extra effort of maintaining both versions in parallel, Slackware's build scripts, called Slack. Builds, were slowly transitioned to supporting either architecture, allowing for one set of sources for both versions.[2. Slackware. 64 saw its first stable release with version 1. Between the November 2. June 2. 01. 6, Slackware saw a 3. During this time the development branch went without updates for 4. However, on 2. 1 April 2.
Patrick Volkerding apologized on the Change. Log for the absence of updates and stated that the development team used the time to get "some good work done." There were over 7. Change. Log entry, including many major library upgrades. In January 2. 01. Volkerding announced the reluctant addition of Pulse. Audio, primarily due to Blue.
Z dropping direct ALSA support in v. Blue. Z v. 4. x. Knowing some users would not be happy with the change, he stated that "Bug reports, complaints, and threats can go to me." These changes culminated in the release of Slackware 1. June 2. 01. 6.[2.
Design philosophy[edit]The design philosophy of Slackware is oriented toward simplicity, software purity,[clarification needed] and a core design that emphasizes lack of change to upstream sources. Many design choices in Slackware can be seen as a heritage of the simplicity of traditional Unix systems and as examples of the KISS principle.[3. In this context, "simple" refers to the simplicity in system design, rather than system usage.